diff --git a/backend/src/app.py b/backend/src/app.py
index 87d30533..aecfaee5 100755
--- a/backend/src/app.py
+++ b/backend/src/app.py
@@ -19,9 +19,9 @@ import asyncio
 
 from fastapi import FastAPI, HTTPException, Request, WebSocket, WebSocketDisconnect
 from fastapi.middleware.cors import CORSMiddleware
-from fastapi.middleware.trustedhost import TrustedHostMiddleware
 from fastapi.responses import FileResponse
 from fastapi.staticfiles import StaticFiles
+from starlette.middleware.base import BaseHTTPMiddleware
 from starlette.middleware.sessions import SessionMiddleware
 
 from .api import auth
@@ -190,11 +190,15 @@ app.add_middleware(
     allow_headers=["*"],
 )
 
-# HSTS — force HTTPS in production (see [SEC:L-2])
-app.add_middleware(
-    TrustedHostMiddleware,
-    allowed_hosts=_allowed_origins if _allowed_origins else ["*"],
-)
+# HSTS — Strict-Transport-Security header (see [SEC:L-2])
+class HSTSMiddleware(BaseHTTPMiddleware):
+    """Add Strict-Transport-Security header to every response."""
+    async def dispatch(self, request: Request, call_next):
+        response = await call_next(request)
+        response.headers["Strict-Transport-Security"] = "max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains"
+        return response
+
+app.add_middleware(HSTSMiddleware)
 # #endregion app_middleware
 # #region network_error_handler [C:1] [TYPE Function]
 # @BRIEF Global exception handler for NetworkError.